CFO THOUGHT LEADER

Jonathan Ma recalls being at his parents’ home in Nebraska one Saturday when his Morgan Stanley boss called with advice: pursue an opportunity at Sutter Health. After nearly 15 years, the mentor believed the retiring treasurer’s position could be Ma’s next step. Ma tells us he had not considered the opportunity. Although he knew Sutter Health’s mission and some of its people, he says the call “planted” the seed. His mentor had seen something in him that he had not yet recognized. That moment echoed the way Ma describes his development at Morgan Stanley. He credits leaders in San Francisco and New York with teaching him to take his work seriously without taking himself too seriously. According to Ma, that meant remaining curious, asking questions, and admitting when he did not know an answer. Ma says trust arrived gradually rather than through a breakthrough. Clients gave him room to learn because they saw that he would work hard, uphold values and ethics, and protect their interests. He moved from mentoring interns to leading financings and presenting before boards. At Sutter Health, Ma applies that same emphasis on trust. He tells us finance must balance growth, expenses, and margins so the not-for-profit system can continue reinvesting in its communities. Budgets, he says, should represent shared accountability across the organization rather than a finance exercise. For Ma, leadership emerges incrementally: through questions asked, credibility earned, support accepted, and difficult decisions made while an organization still possesses both “the means” and “the will.”

Six weeks before Lehman Brothers went under, Shiv Verma tells us, he joined a hedge fund as the world felt like it was falling apart. After building structured-credit and CLO models at J.P. Morgan from 2006 to 2008, Verma says he helped buy back assets originated at par for five cents on the dollar. A mentor there supplied a rule Verma still carries: “The best trade you ever make is often the trade you don’t make.” For Robinhood’s CFO, the line offers a double meaning—and a little fun. In the interview, however, Verma applies it to corporate resource allocation. According to Verma, it is easy to make an investment, become excited, and sell yourself on the idea. The harder work is asking the right questions and “knowing when to say no.” That standard reaches beyond securities. Verma says he applies it when Robinhood considers funding an investment, approving a marketing campaign, or pursuing an acquisition. Restraint is not timidity: Robinhood wants to grow and say yes to many opportunities, he tells us, while balancing business enablement and controllership. According to Verma, acquisitions must offer technology, talent, or greater speed to market, generally accelerating Robinhood by 18 to 24 months. They must also pass the company’s IRR, NPV, and internal thresholds. The title may wink playfully at Robinhood’s trading platform, but Verma’s underlying finance lesson is serious: sound capital allocation is ultimately defined not only by the opportunities a CFO pursues, but also by those finance has the judgment to decline.

Ross Grainger remembers an early chapter of his career when finance was only one part of the job. After stepping outside a traditional finance path to own and operate a Mako auto-body franchise, Grainger tells us he learned what it meant to “act like an owner.” That sometimes meant cleaning toilets, learning to paint cars, welding, doing body work, handling customer service, and making outside sales calls. But the experience also taught him another lesson: even if a leader can do everything, “you shouldn’t do those things forever” if they pull you away from where you can provide the most value. That owner’s mindset later followed Grainger back into finance. At a healthcare software company, he tells us he was passed over for a CFO role he wanted. The executive hired instead brought a different perspective—one that showed Grainger how finance could move beyond “the debits and credits” and help shape company direction. Grainger says he ultimately became “extremely happy” they hired someone else because the experience accelerated his development. Years later, that broader view surfaced again when Grainger helped lead a pricing overhaul at a prior company. According to Grainger, management initially proposed a 7% increase after nearly 10 years without one. Challenged by the board to reconsider “the art of the possible,” the team ultimately achieved a 22% to 23% increase in average ACV. For Grainger, finance leadership repeatedly returns to the same idea: understand where value is created, and focus your effort there.

Cal Brouilette recalls a sleepless night in Houston, speaking at 3 a.m. with someone from Blackstone about a purchase-and-sale agreement and transition-service agreements. It concerned a power-plant portfolio sale at Direct Energy, a Centrica subsidiary, that Brouilette places in 2013. According to Brouilette, the assignment arrived in late September, when the CEO wanted the portfolio sold and announced before year-end. That left at most 120 days. Brouilette says he was managing finance and accounting, functioning as a business-unit CFO and loading up on MBA classes at Rice because his job had seemed stable. The new assignment changed that calculation. Brouilette says he ran its finance work “soup to nuts,” covering the valuation taken into negotiations, management presentations, purchase-and-sale terms, and transition-service agreements. The transaction presented him with what Brouilette describes as a $700 million “go or no go” decision. “Yes, this was hard,” he recalls thinking, but the experience prompted this realization: “I can do this job. I can make these decisions.” Brouilette says the moment gave him confidence to make high-stakes decisions quickly while recognizing that he could “still keep learning.” He describes it as his shift from operator to strategist. At Flatiron Health, Brouilette says his focus as CFO is not to “make a decision and let it ride,” but to consistently track results before the organization travels too far down “the wrong path.” His remarks present strategic confidence not as certainty, but as the discipline to decide, keep learning, measure results, and correct course.

Jamie Schroeder’s finance career began on the shop floor at Ford Motor Company. As part of Ford’s rotational development program, Schroeder tells us, he spent a month working in the paint shop at an assembly plant outside Cleveland. The experience was designed around “learning the business and getting your hands on the business” so that finance could become an informed partner to operations. That operating mindset followed Schroeder to Scotts Miracle-Gro, where unfamiliar assignments became a recurring source of development. According to Schroeder, he was repeatedly placed in situations involving ambiguity, collaboration, and the need to “create something brand new that didn’t exist before.” Over time, embracing discomfort became part of his professional identity. One experience taught him what it meant to be a growth CFO. According to Schroeder, stagnant category growth had led finance into a “profit preservation” posture when leadership changes at a major retailer created an opening for Scotts to pursue a more aggressive commercial program. The proposal involved aggressive pricing, promotions, and products—and considerable risk. Instead of retreating, Schroeder tells us, finance supplied data and scenario analysis, quantified the risks, and developed playbooks for possible responses. Transparency ensured that operating partners understood both the opportunity and the guardrails. According to Schroeder, the resulting market-share battle produced category growth that Scotts had not seen in ten years, while sales and profits rose across the category. Now CFO of Premium Guard, Inc. (PGI), Schroeder brings that lesson to another transformational setting: Finance can help a company pursue disruption without ignoring risk. The discipline lies not in avoiding uncertainty, but in understanding the business well enough to move through it together.

At Timken, it was generally known that Phil Fracassa knew he would become CFO after the company separated its steel business. But first, he tells us, the board gave him a different assignment: lead the project management office and set both resulting companies up for success. The separation followed pressure from an activist investor and extensive board consideration of strategy, stakeholder impact, operating performance, capital allocation, risk, and long-term shareholder value, according to Fracassa. Once the decision was made, his team had just under a year to carve out a business that had been part of Timken for 85 years. That meant standing up and staffing a company, capitalizing it, unwinding entanglements, separating systems, establishing processes, and developing public-company protocols. Fracassa tells us the work reached virtually every function, including legal, HR, IT, operations, finance, treasury, and tax. His own position carried a particular tension. Although Fracassa knew where he would land after the spin, he says he had to remain “independent, fair, impartial.” His decisions had to serve both companies—not just the one where he would soon hold the CFO title. According to Fracassa, the experience brought together the disciplines he had accumulated across his career. It also left him with a durable conviction: “Strategy really lies in the execution.” Great ideas and thoughtful analysis were not enough, he tells us. Value emerged only when people came together, worked through the issues, and executed. For Fracassa, that is where finance becomes most powerful: beyond the numbers, serving as “an architect of execution” inside the business.

Matt Ostrower remembers losing sleep over a decision that carried consequences for employees, lenders, and shareholders. At Site Centers, Ostrower tells us, the management team was confronting two challenges. Investor fears about the internet’s impact on retail real estate were depressing stock and bond valuations. Then Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico, leaving a portfolio of company assets out of commission for months. The immediate pressure was to reopen properties and navigate the crisis. But Ostrower says the team forced itself to “pull back” and consider how the company could emerge positioned for growth. Working with CEO David Lukes and capital markets leader Conor Fennerty, Ostrower says the team developed an answer that had not been executed repeatedly elsewhere: Separate the portfolio, create a liquid pool of assets for public-market investors, and establish a remaining company positioned for greater growth. Because the approach was untested, Ostrower says the team had no certainty about how investors would respond. “I had sleepless nights for months,” he tells us, describing the market’s acceptance as an “existential question” for the company. According to Ostrower, investors ultimately embraced the decision, and the strategy received positive press. He says it allowed the company to realize value in one place while setting up another company for growth. For Ostrower, some of finance’s strongest strategic moments emerge during crises, when leaders are tempted to pursue whatever is most expedient. His experience suggests another possibility: Use the pressure to step back, ask harder questions, and make the decision that addresses not only the immediate disruption but also the company that must exist afterward.

Andrew Korn tracks growth first. EliseAI had surpassed $200 million in annual recurring revenue when he spoke with us, and Korn tells us the company had maintained year-over-year growth above 100% throughout his four and a half years there—“correlation, not causation,” he adds. That growth gives finance a clear assignment. According to Korn, EliseAI monitors gross margins and burn while ensuring its spending remains prudent and directed toward investments capable of moving the business forward. The company operates in housing and healthcare, two industries Korn describes as representing about 40% of U.S. GDP combined. He tells us both depend heavily on labor while contending with regulation and legacy technology. The result is overwhelmed teams, administrative work, and consumers waiting too long or paying too much for essential services. EliseAI enters primarily through the communication layer. According to Korn, its technology handles communications and repetitive work around the clock while providing accurate, compliant answers to renters, residents, prospects, and patients. But awareness of AI has also created a different challenge. Korn says customers increasingly arrive interested in the technology, yet EliseAI must ensure they understand what they are adopting. The objective is not AI “just for AI’s sake” or something a company can place on its website. Instead, Korn tells us, AI must improve operations, performance, and business capabilities in tangible ways. EliseAI therefore tracks leases, occupancy, rent collection, maintenance requests, resident renewals, patient calls, and scheduled appointments. For Korn, the technology earns its place when customers can recognize its impact in the work being completed and the results being produced.

In April 2020, Laura Miller stepped into her first CFO role at Pampered Chef. According to Miller, she was pregnant with her second child, working with a new CEO and joining an executive team that had never worked together in the building before the pandemic sent everyone home. Demand was anything but predictable. Miller tells us that Pampered Chef’s independent consultants could hold parties online while consumers, confined to their homes, purchased kitchen equipment and looked for ways to earn money. That summer brought a business boom—and immediate pressure on working capital, supply chains and forecasting. Miller says the company quickly replaced its rolling forecast with a daily forecast. One of her first CFO assignments was determining what would happen if the warehouse could not remain open as an essential business. Finance modeled scenarios “from zero to quadruple” while weighing when to continue accepting orders, when to stop, and how to manage back orders without overwhelming the business. The professional challenge unfolded alongside a personal one: Miller tells us that she had her baby in June. Navigating both made the period “the fastest crash course into being a CFO.” The experience also overturned much of her preparation. Miller says she had spent “16, 18 months prepping and planning to be a CFO,” yet none of the issues she had anticipated became her greatest challenges after taking the role. Her lesson emerges from that collision between preparation and reality: the CFO’s work is not simply executing a carefully developed plan. Sometimes it means rebuilding the forecast daily, considering outcomes at opposite extremes and learning the role while the conditions surrounding it continue to change.

In the early months of Francisco Partners, Samantha Greenberg sat in a room on folding chairs with the firm’s cofounders and one other colleague, planning the business. According to Greenberg, the private equity firm was pursuing an idea that many considered impossible in the late 1990s: executing leveraged buyouts of technology companies. Greenberg tells us she was drawn to the vision because it challenged the belief that technology businesses could not be predictable or capitalized with debt. During the firm’s first year, Greenberg says, the team closed its first fund. She helped build operating processes, worked on the first transactions, and participated in fundraising—experiences that she says made her a better operator years later. That builder’s instinct eventually pulled Greenberg away from investing. After 18 years as a technology investor, she had come to appreciate the discipline of “separating signal from noise,” surfacing insights, and allocating capital. But Greenberg tells us that running her own hedge fund revealed something more personal: She found operating more engaging than investing because it gave her “a seat at delivering the value creation.” She became a CFO in 2021 and deliberately chose an earlier-stage company instead of a more mature organization. According to Greenberg, the decision allowed her to develop the skills she lacked—leading finance transformation, implementing systems, driving operational maturity, and running an accounting department. The transition also challenged an investing instinct. Investors can wait for the “fat pitches,” Greenberg explains, but rapidly scaling companies cannot wait for every decision to be perfect. Her operating lesson is more immediate: “Velocity matters too.”

What happens when a company has money—but its CFO cannot reach it? Over one extraordinary weekend, finance leaders found themselves confronting a threat few had anticipated: cash locked inside a failing bank, payroll approaching, and no certainty about what Monday would bring. This episode brings together the experiences of Ben Gammell, Larry Roseman, Dan Murphy, Stacy Tumarkin, and Sarah Spoja. Their stories capture the crisis from different vantage points—from companies scrambling to protect their own liquidity to finance teams helping customers regain access to theirs. The discussion is less about the collapse of a particular bank than about how CFOs respond when ordinary financial controls suddenly prove insufficient. It explores the decisions made under pressure, the communication required to steady employees and leadership teams, and the treasury practices reconsidered afterward. The larger lesson is one CFOs understand well: resilience isn’t built during a crisis. It is built long before the crisis begins.

In high school, Gary Vecchiarelli received day-old copies of Investor’s Business Daily from a business teacher. Stock prices still appeared in fractions, and the teacher told him that he would know he had made it when he rang the bell on Wall Street. Vecchiarelli tells us that the remark stayed with him for decades. He later rang the Nasdaq bell—an experience made more meaningful because his family knew the story. Long before that moment, however, he had begun ordering boxes of annual reports and reading financial statements he did not yet fully understand. He was drawn to CFOs who carried financial responsibility while dealing with Wall Street. That early interest eventually became a career defined by complex businesses and difficult financing choices. At CleanSpark, Vecchiarelli recalls confronting one such decision during a Bitcoin bear market. Debt was prohibitively expensive, and an at-the-market equity program was effectively the company’s only source of growth capital. According to Vecchiarelli, CleanSpark faced an opportunity that required issuing shares at approximately $2.50. The decision was painful, but the capital funded land and power that the company now expects to convert into billions of dollars of shareholder value. The experience gave Vecchiarelli a lasting appreciation for “optionality.” He tells us that CleanSpark can now consider high-yield debt, convertible securities, equity, and borrowing against its Bitcoin holdings. That range matters because, as he puts it, markets can be “real fickle.” For Vecchiarelli, strategic finance is not simply raising and spending money. It means connecting execution, valuation, and capital so that today’s difficult decision creates more choices tomorrow.

What does it take for a CFO to restore credibility? Every finance leader eventually encounters a defining moment when confidence has been shaken—whether by slowing growth, a financial crisis, or years of eroding investor trust. In those moments, success depends on more than financial expertise. It requires disciplined execution, transparent leadership, and the ability to deliver on commitments when every decision is under scrutiny. In this special compilation episode of CFO Thought Leader , we revisit three conversations that reveal how credibility is earned—and, when necessary, rebuilt. Aidan Viggiano , CFO of Twilio, reflects on stepping into the role during a period of sweeping change. With growth slowing and difficult decisions ahead, she shares why rebuilding confidence began with one simple principle: do what you said you would do. Eric Brown , now CFO and COO of Cohesity, takes us back to the near-existential crisis at MicroStrategy, where he and the leadership team were forced to stabilize the business, make painful decisions, and lead through extraordinary uncertainty. His story underscores the critical partnership between a CEO and CFO when an organization's future is on the line. Finally, Paul Lundstrom , now CFO of Copeland, looks back on his tenure at Flex and earlier leadership at Aerojet Rocketdyne, explaining how stronger financial controls, operational discipline, and consistent execution can gradually restore investor confidence and reshape how the market values a company. Together, these conversations form The Credibility Playbook —a practical look at how exceptional CFOs navigate some of the most challenging moments in corporate leadership and emerge with something every organization depends on: trust.

Mark Khavkin often finds his best ideas somewhere near the Golden Gate Bridge. The Rula CFO tells us that he bikes from San Francisco across the bridge and into Marin County—not to compete, but to clear his mind, enjoy the view, and stop for a latte in Sausalito. “A lot of times great ideas come somewhere just before or after the bridge,” Khavkin says. That preference for space and perspective also appears in how he leads. Compared with a decade ago, Khavkin says that he has become more comfortable trusting people to reach the right result, even when their path differs from the one he might have chosen. Rather than intervening with detailed instructions, he now tries to provide context. “I’m less prescriptive than I was ten years ago,” he tells us. The shift does not mean avoiding hard decisions. At Rula, Khavkin says that new investments require clearly defined checkpoints and agreement—made in advance—about when the company will increase its commitment or stop an initiative. Once teams, careers, and expectations form around an experiment, he explains, ending it becomes difficult at a human level. The same discipline shapes his view of AI. Khavkin cautions finance leaders against evaluating the technology primarily through cost savings. According to Khavkin, the greater opportunity is enabling people to perform higher-level work, make decisions faster, and access more organizational context. For Khavkin, leadership is not about directing every turn. It is about creating the conditions for others to navigate—then knowing when to provide context, when to challenge assumptions, and when to let the road produce the answer.

John Kinzer still remembers sitting in a closed meeting at MCI, presenting revenue results, when something unexpected caught his attention. It wasn’t the numbers he was reporting—it was the questions coming from the FP&A team. Listening to their discussion, he realized, “I also want to see that side of it,” Kinzer tells us. That moment led him from revenue reporting into business planning, where a manager helped shape the analytical skills that would define his career. Looking back, Kinzer tells us those early experiences proved invaluable. Long-distance telephone plans behaved much like today’s subscription businesses, exposing him to churn analysis, lifetime value, customer acquisition costs, and cohort analysis long before SaaS became commonplace. Equally important was another lesson from a mentor: always look 18 to 24 months ahead. If you’re no longer learning, growing, or able to see your next opportunity, it’s time to start thinking about what’s next, Kinzer tells us. That advice influenced several career decisions, including his move into the dot-com world, where he participated in his first IPO by helping write an S-1 and develop the company’s long-term financial model. The same long-term mindset later shaped an even more difficult decision. After being passed over for his first CFO opportunity, Kinzer tells us he resisted the urge to react emotionally. Instead, he focused on developing new skills, particularly investor relations, believing the experience would prepare him for the future whether the opportunity came internally or elsewhere. For Kinzer, career progression has never been about chasing titles. It’s been about continually putting himself in positions where learning comes first—and trusting that leadership opportunities eventually follow.

When Shane Hostetter arrived at Chemours in 2024, he stepped into a company facing liquidity challenges while also pursuing important long-term growth opportunities. His goal was not to replace decades of institutional knowledge but to complement it. Chemours CEO Denise Dignam brought nearly forty years of experience with DuPont and Chemours, while Hostetter brought an external perspective. Combining those viewpoints, he tells us, helped create “the best of both worlds.” That approach reflects much of Hostetter’s broader leadership philosophy. Rather than viewing finance solely through the lens of reporting, he focuses on building a stronger foundation for future growth through disciplined capital allocation and balance sheet management. Hostetter tells us the company developed a three-year strategy designed to strengthen Chemours over both the near and long term. Portfolio optimization became one important pillar, including shutting down selected production lines and divesting non-core assets to improve cash flow. Underlying every decision, he tells us, was a disciplined capital allocation strategy intended to improve financial flexibility. At the same time, Hostetter has become an advocate for helping others better understand what Chemours actually does. Although many people still associate the company with its legacy DuPont products, he explains that Chemours today serves critical industrial markets ranging from next-generation refrigerants to semiconductor manufacturing, AI infrastructure, electric vehicles, and advanced cooling technologies. Looking ahead, Hostetter’s emphasis remains consistent: strengthen the balance sheet, allocate capital thoughtfully, and position the company to create sustainable long-term value. For him, finance is ultimately about creating the platform that allows strategy to succeed.

Three accomplished CFOs. Three candid conversations. One revealing look at how finance leaders think about acquisitions before the headlines ever appear. In this special CFO Thought Leader edition, we revisit conversations with Jonathan Carr, former CFO of Armis, James Redfern, CFO of Reltio, and Toby Driver, CFO of IdeaGen. Each discusses acquisitions from a different vantage point—planning, integration, organizational readiness, and the people challenges that ultimately determine whether a transaction creates lasting value. What makes these discussions especially compelling is their timing. Carr and Redfern shared their perspectives months before their companies were acquired. ServiceNow completed its acquisition of Armis in April 2026, while SAP completed its acquisition of Reltio in May 2026. Their remarks offer an unfiltered look at how experienced CFOs approached M&A before those transactions became public realities. Driver complements those perspectives by explaining why successful acquisitions depend on disciplined integration, thoughtful execution, and finance leaders who understand that value is created long after the purchase agreement is signed. Together, these conversations reveal that successful M&A extends well beyond valuation models and deal negotiations. It requires aligning people, integrating operations, managing risk, and establishing clear decision-making processes across the organization. Whether discussing integration playbooks, organizational change, or strategic planning, each CFO highlights a different dimension of the finance leader's role in helping acquisitions achieve their intended objectives. For finance leaders navigating growth, transformation, or acquisition activity, these three conversations provide a timely look at the strategic thinking that often precedes—and helps shape—successful deals.

Sinohe Terrero still remembers the timing. He joined Envoy in January, only to see the workplace transformed just two months later as offices around the world shut down because of COVID. The company had been building products for offices, but suddenly, almost no one was going to the office, Terrero tells us. That abrupt shift forced Envoy to rethink its future. The company quickly introduced a product called Protect to help organizations safely welcome employees and visitors back into their facilities. From there, it expanded into desk management, room scheduling, deliveries, analytics, and ultimately a broader suite of workplace security solutions. Today, that evolution has reshaped the business. Envoy now helps organizations across industries such as aerospace, defense, biopharma, and manufacturing secure their physical workplaces. Emergency notifications, visitor management, identity verification, and real-time visibility into who is inside a facility have become central capabilities, Terrero tells us. Looking back, Terrero sees a different challenge driving the company’s growth. During the pandemic and the inflationary period that followed, organizations struggled to determine whether they would operate remotely, in hybrid environments, or fully in person. Now that most companies have settled on their workplace strategies, the demand for operational data has increased significantly, he tells us. That demand extends beyond simply managing office attendance. Organizations want software that can verify identities, monitor facility access, manage security risks, and provide real-time information rather than relying on manual logs or random sampling. For Terrero, Envoy’s journey reflects how quickly a company can evolve when changing customer needs require an entirely new way of thinking about the workplace.

Taking a Company Public: What CFOs Know What does it really take to prepare a company for life as a public company? In this special CFO Thought Leader compilation, we revisit three conversations with finance leaders who helped guide some of the technology industry's most recognizable companies through the IPO journey. Rather than focusing on the transaction itself, these CFOs share what happened behind the scenes—the operational changes, leadership decisions, and financial discipline required long before the opening bell rang. John Kinzer , former CFO of HubSpot, explains how preparing for an IPO required transforming finance from a back-office function into a strategic business partner. He discusses the importance of balancing growth with profitability and creating the operational discipline expected of a public company. Kelly Steckelberg , former CFO of Zoom Video Communications, reflects on building the people, processes, forecasting capabilities, and financial infrastructure necessary to support a successful transition to the public markets. She also shares lessons from leading Zoom through its first earnings call as a newly public company. Drawing on his experience helping lead IPOs at Salesforce, Pandora, and Yext, Steve Cakebread offers a broader perspective on why companies go public, how management teams should prepare, and why governance, investor communication, and long-term vision are essential to building enduring public companies. Together, these three accomplished CFOs offer a practical look at what it really takes to take a company public—from preparing the organization and strengthening financial operations to communicating with investors and leading through one of the most significant milestones in a company's evolution.

When Martino Cadoni joined DeepL, he arrived with an unusual perspective—he already knew the company’s product firsthand. Earlier in his career at Klarna, he had helped introduce DeepL as a translation solution, making the transition from customer to CFO especially meaningful. Today, DeepL is backed by investors including HV Capital, Benchmark, Index Ventures, ICONIQ, and Atomico, Cadoni tells us. Working alongside those firms, he says, continually pushes him “out of the comfort zone.” That mindset mirrors the company’s trajectory. DeepL supports “almost 50 percent of the Fortune 500 companies,” Cadoni tells us, while continuing to grow and mature for its next stage of development. Rather than viewing language translation as a commodity, Cadoni emphasizes its strategic importance in critical business workflows. Pharmaceutical companies, for example, rely on accurate translation of regulatory documentation before commercializing new drugs, he tells us. Legal firms, airlines, manufacturers, and multinational organizations face similar challenges where translation quality directly affects operational outcomes. Customer adoption reflects those varied use cases. DeepL monitors daily and monthly active users, translated character volumes, language pairs, and traditional financial metrics, Cadoni tells us. He notes that demand often extends well beyond English, highlighting significant activity between Japanese and Korean as well as Portuguese and Spanish. Enterprise relationships frequently begin with a single geography or department before expanding across functions, Cadoni explains. One airline customer, for example, uses DeepL to translate aircraft maintenance documentation before selling planes internationally, illustrating how specialized AI can solve highly practical business problems while supporting global growth.