Published by Recovery.com
RECOVERable features conversations with top experts in mental health, addiction recovery, and emotional wellbeing. Each episode answers the internet’s most-asked questions about topics like anxiety, trauma, relapse, and self-growth, breaking them down into clear, relatable insights you can actually use. No jargon. No judgment. Just expert-backed guidance to help you understand and take control of your mental health.
Listen on Apple PodcastsCan psilocybin and ibogaine truly cure depression and addiction, or are the risks being ignored? Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In Part 2 of this episode of RECOVERable, host Terry McGuire sits down with clinical psychologist and research facilitator Dr. Chantelle Thomas, PhD, to explore the therapeutic potential, safety profiles, and common misconceptions surrounding psilocybin and ibogaine. Dr. Chantelle Thomas, a leading psychologist and researcher who has facilitated clinical trials at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, breaks down the emerging science behind psychedelic-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder, opioid use disorder, and severe trauma. Together, Terry McGuire and Dr. Thomas separate myth from fact regarding magic mushrooms, neurogenesis, dendritic growth, and the cardiotoxicity risks of ibogaine treatment. Dr. Thomas explains how psilocybin turns down predictive thinking and increases experiential engagement, helping individuals break free from rigid, limiting thought patterns. They also examine the critical distinction between recreational mushroom use at music festivals and structured clinical treatment protocols. Additionally, Dr. Thomas reveals why psychedelic integration and proper therapeutic preparation are vital, explaining how psychedelics can act as a powerful "gateway drug for therapy" rather than a standalone miracle cure. Whether you are curious about state-level legalization in Oregon, Colorado, and New Mexico, upcoming FDA approval timelines, or how non-ordinary states of consciousness facilitate personal transformation, this episode offers an essential, grounded perspective on the future of behavioral health and recovery. Subscribe for more deep dives into evidence-based mental health treatment! Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction to Psilocybin & Ibogaine 00:01:35 – Psychedelic Myths vs. Facts 00:06:35 – Neurogenesis & Brain Connectivity 00:10:00 – Psilocybin Clinical Trials & Research 00:18:00 – What Happens in Psilocybin Therapy? 00:23:15 – Why Psychedelic Integration Matters 00:33:15 – Risks, Benefits, & FDA Approval Timelines 00:48:50 – Ibogaine for Opioid Addiction 00:55:00 – Safety & Caution in Ibogaine Treatment 00:59:30 – Final Advice on Psychedelic Healing Questions the Video Answers: Is psilocybin therapy effective for major depressive disorder? How does ibogaine treat opioid addiction and withdrawal? Can you get permanently trapped in a bad psilocybin trip? What is the difference between recreational magic mushrooms and psilocybin therapy? Does psilocybin stimulate neurogenesis and create new neural pathways? What are the cardiotoxicity and heart risks associated with ibogaine? How close is psilocybin to receiving FDA approval? What is psychedelic integration and why is it necessary? Can a single dose of psilocybin or ibogaine cure addiction? Where is psilocybin therapy legally available in the United States? How does psilocybin alter brain network communication? What happens during an ibogaine life review experience? How should you prepare for psychedelic-assisted therapy? Why is traditional psychotherapy crucial before and after psychedelic treatment? #Psilocybin #PsychedelicTherapy #Ibogaine
Can ketamine and MDMA truly transform trauma and severe depression? Clinical psychologist Dr. Chantelle Thomas, PhD, joins Terry McGuire to reveal the clinical truth behind psychedelic-assisted therapy. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In this episode of RECOVERable, host Terry McGuire sits down with research facilitator Dr. Chantelle Thomas, PhD, for part one of a deep dive into the clinical landscapes of ketamine therapy and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Together, they dispel common myths surrounding recreational vs. therapeutic drug use, explaining how "set and setting" fundamentally alter patient outcomes. Dr. Thomas explains how ketamine acts on glutamate pathways and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to offer rapid antidepressant relief in hours rather than weeks. You'll learn the crucial differences between standalone IV ketamine infusion clinics and comprehensive ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP), as well as how integration therapy anchors altered states of consciousness into lasting recovery. The conversation shifts to MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD. Dr. Thomas shares insights from FDA clinical trials, highlighting how MDMA expands a patient's capacity to process deep trauma without being overwhelmed. They discuss cardiac risks, candidate screening, abuse potential, and why psychedelic therapy requires skilled facilitation. Whether you are exploring treatment-resistant depression, trauma recovery, or alternative mental health treatments, subscribe to RECOVERable for expert insights and stay tuned for part two on psilocybin and ibogaine! Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction & Psychedelic Myths 01:20 – What Is Set and Setting? 05:58 – Ketamine vs Antidepressants for Depression 08:00 – Is Ketamine FDA Approved? 14:49 – What Is Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy? 22:03 – Ketamine for Addiction & Trauma 27:00 – What Ketamine Therapy Feels Like 36:08 – MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD 42:34 – MDMA vs Traditional Trauma Therapy 54:11 – Critical Takeaways Before Trying Psychedelic Therapy
Are you secretly struggling with a sports betting addiction or trying to survive financial ruin after chasing losses online? Learn how to break free. In this episode of the RECOVERable Podcast, host Terry McGuire continues an impactful conversation with expert psychologist Dr. Michael Zhang to explore the psychology of behavioral addiction. Together, they pull back the curtain on the industry's hidden traps, detailing the process of self-exclusion and explaining how modern gambling apps add layers of friction—or fail to enforce bans when you are at your most vulnerable. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Dr. Michael Zhang, a leading psychologist and the innovative founder of the digital platform Incremental, breaks down why gambling disorder is uniquely recognized in the DSM-5 as the only official behavioral addiction. He addresses the intense psychological turmoil that comes with problem gambling, offering actionable advice on how to handle the immediate panic of massive financial loss and the daunting challenge of telling a partner or parents about severe gambling debt. Terry and Dr. Zhang take a hard look at the emerging landscape of sports betting apps and prediction markets, debunking the dangerous myth that betting on sports is purely a game of skill rather than high-risk gambling. They also expose the conflicts of interest behind industry-funded 'responsible gambling' programs, urging viewers to follow the money and seek independent recovery support instead. By explaining how variable ratio schedules and intermittent reinforcement keep your brain hooked on fake wins, Dr. Zhang delivers a powerful blueprint for shifting from active addiction into lasting freedom. If you are ready to stop active betting, escape the exhausting double life, and discover what true recovery looks like after hitting rock bottom, this conversation is for you. Watch the full episode to learn how to break the spell, rebuild broken relationships, and build a beautiful, authentic life. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and share this video with someone who needs to hear it today. Chapters: 00:00 – [Intro] 00:48 – How Self-Exclusion Works 03:09 – Using Self-Exclusion on Gambling Apps 06:29 – The Significance of Gambling in the DSM-5 08:20 – Handling the Panic of Massive Financial Loss 10:29 – How to Tell Your Family About Gambling Debt 15:14 – Is Sports Betting Gambling or Skill? 22:27 – How Gambling Hotlines Help 24:48 – Addressing Gambling as a Public Health Issue 31:02 – The Overlap with Substance Abuse and True Recovery Questions the Video Answers: How do you stop gambling when you can't control it? What is self-exclusion in gambling and does it work? Can you ban yourself from online sports betting apps? Why is gambling addiction classified as a behavioral disorder in the DSM-5? How do I handle the immediate panic after losing all my money gambling? What is the best way to tell your partner you lost rent money gambling? Is sports betting considered real gambling or a game of skill? Why do I keep losing money on sports betting apps? How does calling a gambling addiction hotline help you? Is problem gambling a recognized public health issue? Why is the gambling industry funding responsible gambling programs? What is the relationship between alcohol abuse and gambling addiction? Can overcoming a gambling problem cure depression and anxiety? What does true recovery from a gambling addiction actually look like? How do you break the cycle of chasing losses in gambling #GamblingAddiction #SportsBetting #AddictionRecovery
Are you or someone you love secretly struggling with a gambling problem? Discover how modern apps trap your mind and how to break the cycle. In this episode of the Recoverable Podcast, host Terry McGuire sits down with expert psychologist Dr. Michael Zhang to uncover the hidden psychology of gambling addiction. They explore why it is so difficult to recognize and why individuals get caught in a dangerous loop of chasing losses. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Dr. Michael Zhang, a leading psychologist and founder of the innovative digital recovery support platform Income, breaks down the progression of problem gambling from innocent recreational play to a severe diagnosable disorder. Unlike substance abuse, a sports betting or online slots addiction often forces individuals to live double lives, hiding the financial and emotional damage directly inside their bank accounts. Dr. Zhang explains the neurological mechanism behind the "near-miss" effect and how anticipation triggers dopamine pathways long before an outcome is even revealed. This deep-dive conversation shatters common myths about willpower, explains official diagnostic criteria, and highlights the terrifyingly high suicide rates associated with this hidden epidemic. If you want to understand how online sports betting apps and prediction markets are engineered to keep you hooked, this video will open your eyes. More importantly, you will learn the crucial difference between temporarily stopping the behavior and completely removing the psychological desire to gamble. If you are ready to shift from gambling mode to recovery mode and successfully rebuild your life, watch this full episode for actionable, evidence-based insights. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and share this video with someone who needs to hear it. Chapters: 00:00 – Intro 01:54 – Defining Gambling Addiction vs. Gambling a Lot 04:10 – The Stages of Problem Gambling 08:25 – Why Awareness of the Problem Develops Slowly 12:44 – The Dopamine Psychology of a Gambler's Brain 18:31 – How Modern Technology and Online Apps Changed Gambling 24:50 – The Psychology of Living a Double Life 30:15 – Myth vs. Fact: Debunking Common Gambling Misconceptions 38:57 – Official Diagnostic Criteria for Gambling Disorder 49:27 – How to Actually Stop Gambling and Rebuild Your Life Questions the Video Answers: How do you define a gambling addiction vs gambling a lot? What are the psychological stages of problem gambling? Why do people with gambling addictions chase losses? How does dopamine affect a gambler's brain during anticipation? Why is a gambling addiction harder to spot than drug or alcohol abuse? How do modern online betting apps use psychological tricks to keep you hooked? What is the connection between gambling addiction and high suicide rates? What are the official diagnostic criteria for a gambling disorder? Why do gamblers live double lives and hide financial losses? How do you stop gambling when you have lost everything? Does paying off someone's gambling debt actually help their recovery? How does the brain react to a "near miss" in gambling? What is the difference between taking yourself out of gambling and taking gambling out of you? What treatment options are effective for long-term gambling recovery? How can you shift from gambling mode to recovery mode to rebuild your life? #GamblingAddiction #ProblemGambling #HowToStopGambling
Can a weight-loss medication actually cure your deepest cravings? Discover how GLP-1 drugs are revolutionizing the landscape of addiction recovery. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In this episode of Recoverable, host Terry McGuire sits down with Dr. Steven Klein, an expert medical professional specializing in addiction medicine who also brings his own powerful lived experience of nine years in long-term recovery. Together, they explore the fascinating science of drug repurposing—shifting medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide (widely known under brand names like Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound) from type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management over to the frontlines of substance use disorder treatment. Dr. Klein breaks down how these powerful gut-brain peptides quiet persistent "food noise" and "drug noise" by directly targeting the mesolimbic dopamine system, which controls the brain’s fundamental reward circuitry. Whether discussing alcohol use disorder, opioid use disorder, nicotine dependence, or behavioral addictions like compulsive gambling, this deep-dive addresses the critical neurobiology behind how GLP-1 for addiction functions as a substance-agnostic tool. You’ll learn about recent groundbreaking clinical data showing a 50% drop in substance-related mortality, the clinical reality of off-label prescribing, common GI side effects, and what happens to internal cravings once you stop taking the medication. Dr. Klein shares his profound "record needle" analogy, showing how these treatments temporarily quiet internal noise so individuals can learn a completely new behavioral song. If you or a loved one are exploring cutting-edge medical tools to support sustainable recovery, reduce relapse, and reclaim your agency, this episode provides essential context, breaking down the artificial boundaries between physical metabolic health and mental health. Watch the full conversation to unlock the future of highly personalized behavioral care. Don't forget to like this video, subscribe to the channel, and share your thoughts or personal experiences in the comments section below! Chapters: 00:00:00 – Intro 00:01:14 – How GLP-1s Transformed My Relationship with Food 00:06:27 – How Weight Loss Drugs Ended Up on the Addiction Radar 00:09:05 – How GLP-1s Treat the Core Circuitry of Addiction 00:11:14 – What Are the Side Effects of GLP-1 Medications? 00:15:18 – How Do GLP-1 Drugs Actually Work for Addiction? 00:18:00 – Does Brain Rewiring Continue After Stopping GLP-1s? 00:23:49 – Are GLP-1s FDA-Approved for Addiction Treatment? 00:26:53 – Do GLP-1s Cause Anhedonia or Suicidal Thoughts? 00:42:31 – Can You Take GLP-1s for Addiction Without Losing Weight? Questions the Video Answers: How do GLP-1 drugs work for addiction treatment? Can Ozempic or Wegovy help reduce alcohol cravings? What is the success rate of GLP-1 medications for substance use disorders? How do diabetes and weight-loss drugs quiet food noise in the brain? Are GLP-1 medications FDA-approved to treat alcohol or opioid addiction? What are the common side effects of using GLP-1s for addiction recovery? Do cravings return after you stop taking semaglutide or tirzepatide? Can you take GLP-1 medications for addiction if you don't want to lose weight? How do GLP-1 agonists impact the brain's dopamine reward system? Is it safe to combine GLP-1s with other addiction medications like buprenorphine? Will health insurance cover Ozempic or Zepbound if prescribed off-label for addiction? Can GLP-1 medications help treat behavioral addictions like gambling or sex addiction? What did the British Medical Journal study find regarding GLP-1s and substance mortality? Does taking weight-loss drugs cause anhedonia or a general loss of joy? How long will it take for the FDA to approve GLP-1s for addiction? #GLP1ForAddiction #OzempicForAddiction #AddictionRecovery
Is willpower alone enough to beat opioid addiction, or are we fighting a medical disease with the wrong tools? In this episode of the Recoverable podcast, we shift the paradigm from shame to evidence-based science. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Host Terry McGuire sits down with Dr. Steven Klein, MD, PhD, a triple-boarded physician in pediatrics, genetics, and addiction medicine who serves as full-time faculty at Caron Treatment Centers. Dr. Klein brings a deeply authentic perspective to the table as a professional in long-term recovery himself, diving into the raw mechanics of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD). We break down the crucial differences between traditional Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) and OUD-specific options like Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone), oral naltrexone, and the game-changing shift toward monthly long-acting injectables. Dr. Klein directly confronts the intense societal stigma and the ongoing debate within 12-step recovery groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) over whether using addiction medication means you are truly "sober". He shares the striking clinical data regarding the low number needed to treat (NNT) for buprenorphine compared to other lifelines in modern medicine. Beyond the blocking of withdrawal symptoms and cravings, we uncover the profound psychological "why" behind substance abuse—looking closely at trauma, identity, and the heavy sense of disconnection that fuels severe opioid use disorder. If you or a loved one are trying to navigate rehab options, outpatient detox programs, or sober living rules, this conversation offers data-backed hope. Subscribe for Part 2 next week, and leave a comment below with your thoughts! Chapters: 00:00 – Changing the Paradigm of Addiction Recovery 01:11 – Dr. Stephen Klein’s Personal Recovery Journey 03:36 – What is the Difference Between MAT and MOUD? 05:12 – The Opioid Class: From Prescription Pills to Kratom 07:05 – Is Abstinence Always the Goal of MOUD Treatment? 09:28 – How Do We Measure Success in Addiction Recovery? 11:34 – How Suboxone and Naltrexone Block Cravings 14:56 – Navigating Stigma: "Replacing One Drug with Another" 21:16 – How Monthly Injectables Change Compliance and Self-Stigma 23:55 – The True Medical Risks of Untreated Opioid Withdrawal Questions the Video Answers: What is the difference between MAT and MOUD in addiction treatment? How does Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone) work for opioid addiction? Can you use naltrexone for both opioid and alcohol use disorder? Why do 12-step programs like AA and NA stigmatize Suboxone users? How do monthly injectable addiction medications like Vivitrol reduce self-stigma? What is the Sinclair Method for treating alcohol use disorder? Is a person on MOUD considered truly sober and in recovery? What are the side effects of buprenorphine vs untreated opioid withdrawal? Does health insurance or Medicaid cover long-acting injectable opioid treatments? Why is kratom considered an emerging and dangerous opioid alkaloid? How do trauma and deep emotional disconnection cause substance abuse? How can family members support a loved one starting buprenorphine? #OpioidAddiction #SuboxoneRecovery #AddictionMedicine
What is brainspotting therapy and how does it actually work? Dr. Jenny Hughes, licensed clinical psychologist and trauma expert, explains this revolutionary approach to healing trauma — including how it differs from EMDR, why where you look affects how you feel, and what happens during a real brainspotting session. In this interview, Dr. Hughes breaks down the science behind brainspotting: how it accesses the subcortical parts of your brain where trauma is stored, why you don't need to talk through your trauma for it to work, and the accidental discovery by David Grand that changed trauma therapy forever. ⏱️ TIMESTAMPS 0:00 — Intro: What Is Brainspotting? 1:33 — Myth or Fact Lightning Round 5:11 — The Accidental Discovery (David Grand & the Skater) 8:15 — EMDR vs. Brainspotting: Quick Overview 8:49 — How Brainspotting Actually Works 10:08 — The "Inside Window" & Finding Your Brain Spot 10:52 — Focused Mindfulness & the Subcortical Brain 12:26 — The Pointer, Variations & Therapist Training 13:33 — Why Therapists Experience Brainspotting First 15:21 — EMDR vs. Brainspotting: The Key Differences 16:50 — What Changes After Brainspotting Therapy 18:15 — Which Therapy Is Right for You? 🔗 ABOUT DR. JENNY HUGHES Dr. Jenny Hughes is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in trauma, anxiety, and evidence-based therapies including Brainspotting and EMDR. 🎙️ ABOUT RECOVERABLE RECOVERable answers the internet's most-asked questions about mental health, anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction recovery — through expert interviews you can actually understand. Find the right treatment for you at Recovery.com https://www.recovery.com
EMDR therapy is one of the most effective treatments for trauma, anxiety, and PTSD — and most people have never heard of it. In this episode of RECOVERable, licensed clinical psychologist and trauma expert Dr. Jenny Hughes breaks down exactly what EMDR therapy is, how it works, and whether it's right for you. Dr. Hughes covers: ✔ What EMDR therapy actually is — and what it isn't ✔ How trauma gets "stuck" in your brain (and how EMDR unsticks it) ✔ The difference between EMDR and traditional talk therapy ✔ All 8 phases of an EMDR session, explained step-by-step ✔ Whether EMDR works for anxiety, depression & complex PTSD ✔ Common myths about EMDR — and what the science says ✔ Why you should NEVER try to do EMDR on your own ✔ How to find a certified EMDR therapist If you've been struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression — and feel stuck — this conversation gives you a clear, practical understanding of one of the most powerful healing tools available. —————————————————————— 🕒 CHAPTERS 0:00 — Introduction: What Is EMDR Therapy? 1:12 — How Trauma Affects Your Brain 3:02 — Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Therapy 3:37 — EMDR Myth vs. Fact ⚡ Lightning Round 9:47 — What EMDR Therapy Actually Is 12:05 — How to Find the Right EMDR Therapist 13:41 — EMDR vs. Brain Spotting: What's the Difference? 14:37 — What Can EMDR Treat? 15:58 — The Science & Research Behind EMDR 18:13 — What a Client Experiences During EMDR 22:33 — EMDR Session Walkthrough: All 8 Phases 36:35 — Do You Have to Relive Your Trauma? 39:33 — EMDR vs. Talk Therapy 41:09 — What If You Don't Know What to Target? 43:17 — Risks of EMDR Therapy 44:25 — Can You Do EMDR on Yourself? 45:59 — Does EMDR Work for Anxiety & Depression? 50:01 — In-Person vs. Virtual EMDR 51:20 — Where to Find Help & What's Next —————————————————————— RECOVERable is a production of Recovery.com — the best place to find mental health and addiction treatment. Find the right treatment for you at Recovery.com https://recovery.com
Alcohol use disorder vs. gray area drinking — what's the difference, and how do you know when your drinking has become a problem? In this episode, licensed clinical social worker and national mental health expert Kelley Kitley breaks down the real signs of alcohol use disorder (AUD), explains what "gray area drinking" actually means, and answers the question so many people are afraid to ask: am I an alcoholic? Kelley draws on both her clinical expertise and her own personal recovery journey to help you understand: ✔ The DSM criteria for alcohol use disorder ✔ What gray area drinking looks like — and why it's so easy to miss ✔ Why drinking every night is NOT normal, and what it does to your body ✔ How to talk to a loved one about their drinking without pushing them away ✔ The difference between supporting someone and enabling them ✔ Treatment options: therapy, intensive outpatient programs (IOP), 30-day inpatient, and medical detox ✔ What medications like Naltrexone do for alcohol cravings ✔ Why relapse doesn't mean failure — and when recovery finally "clicks" Whether you're questioning your own drinking, worried about someone you love, or just trying to understand alcohol addiction recovery, this conversation is for you. 0:00 — Introduction 1:26 — What Is Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)? 3:05 — Gray Area Drinking: Are You in the Gray Zone? 4:11 — Is It Normal to Drink Every Night? 5:55 — How Alcohol Destroys Your Sleep 7:30 — "I Don't Have an Off Switch" — Kelley's Personal Story 9:44 — Why Trying to Moderate Drinking Rarely Works 11:24 — What Happens When You Quit Drinking 13:23 — How Alcohol Affects Your Kids & Genetic Risk 15:56 — The Moment Kelley Decided to Get Sober 18:29 — How to Talk to a Loved One About Their Drinking 21:56 — Setting Boundaries vs. Enabling 25:15 — How to Encourage Someone to Seek Treatment 30:03 — Treatment Options: Therapy, IOP & Inpatient Rehab 34:14 — What Medical Detox Actually Involves 37:49 — Why Relapse Is Not a Failure 41:15 — Naltrexone & Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder 43:32 — Where to Find Help & Resources Kelley Kitley is a licensed clinical social worker, national mental health expert, and person in long-term recovery. She specializes in breaking cycles of trauma and addiction using a holistic approach. #AlcoholUseDisorder #GrayAreaDrinking #AddictionRecovery Find the right treatment for you at Recovery.com https://www.recovery.com
Alcohol use disorder and gray area drinking affect millions who wonder "am I an alcoholic?" — but don't fit the stereotype. Licensed clinical social worker Kelley Kitley shares her personal recovery story and 20+ years of professional expertise to help you recognize the signs of problem drinking, understand the difference between sobriety and recovery, and find practical strategies for moderation, tapering, and navigating social situations without alcohol. Whether you're questioning your own drinking habits or supporting someone else, this expert interview breaks down DSM criteria, internal warning signs, and health risks in plain language you can actually understand. Find the right treatment for you at Recovery.com https://www.recovery.com 0:00 — Introduction: Who Is Kelley Kitley? 1:03 — Kelley's Personal Story: From Bar Business to Recovery 3:07 — What Is Alcohol Use Disorder? (DSM Criteria Explained) 6:46 — Signs of Problem Drinking & Gray Area Drinking 11:14 — Coping Mechanisms & Social Anxiety Without Alcohol 16:50 — Internal Signs, Moderation Management & "Dry January" 21:30 — Comparing Drinking Habits & Hidden Health Risks 26:06 — Sobriety vs. Recovery: Why Just Stopping Isn't Enough 34:42 — Brain Repair Timeline & Tapering Strategies 37:25 — Managing Social Situations in Sobriety #AlcoholUseDisorder #GrayAreaDrinking #SoberCurious
Can you really rewire your brain after years of addiction? Dr. Judson Brewer explains the science of neuroplasticity and the secret to unlearning any habit. In this second installment, host Terry Maguire continues the conversation with world-renowned psychiatrist and neuroscientist Dr. Judson Brewer (Dr. Jud). We explore why habits are formed to help us survive and how those same mechanisms can be hijacked by addiction . Dr. Jud explains the Default Mode Network and why it's the "home base" for cravings, worry, and rumination . Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Dr. Jud is the New York Times bestselling author of Unwinding Anxiety and The Craving Mind and currently serves as a researcher and clinician. In this episode, he breaks down why smartphones are essentially "pocket slot machines" that use intermittent reinforcement to keep us hooked . He also debunks the 21-day habit myth and shares laboratory data showing that reward values can actually shift in as few as 5 to 15 mindfully aware experiences. Learn how to step out of the "shame loop" and into a "learning loop" by using curiosity as a clinical intervention . We discuss the HALT method (Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired) for identifying stress triggers and the neuroscience behind why meeting a need is always better than feeding a want . Whether it’s substance use, social media, or problematic eating, Dr. Jud proves that everything is recoverable if it is a habit. Chapters: 00:00 – [Intro] 01:09 – Defining Addiction: Continued Use Despite Consequences 05:26 – Why Addiction is Not a Moral Failure 08:30 – The Default Mode Network & Brain Cravings 13:47 – How to Rewire Your Brain After Years of Use 20:13 – The 21-Day Habit Myth Debunked 27:14 – Are Cell Phones "Pocket Slot Machines"? 33:32 – Dealing with Slips and the "Shame Loop" 43:12 – How Mindfulness Rewires the Brain 51:18 – Dr. Jud's Advice for Loving Someone with Addiction Questions the Video Answers: What actually happens in the brain during a craving? Is it really possible to unlearn any habit? What is the Default Mode Network in the brain? Why do slot machines and phones get us addicted? How many times does it take to change a reward value? Does a single slip mean I’m back at square one? Can mindfulness help with addiction recovery? What is the HALT method for stress management? Why does curiosity help stop a craving? Is addiction primarily about choice or survival? How long does the brain take to form a new habit? What is "Intermittent Reinforcement"? How do parents protect their teenager's brain? How do medications like methadone affect receptors? Why is "meeting a need" better than "feeding a want"? #Neuroscience #AddictionRecovery #HabitChange
Stop fighting your brain and start understanding it. Dr. Judson Brewer reveals why willpower is a myth and how neuroscience is the real key to breaking bad habits. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Learn more about Dr. Judson Brewer: https://drjud.com/ In this episode of RECOVERable host Terry Maguire sits down with Dr. Judson Brewer (Dr. Jud), a world-renowned psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and New York Times bestselling author of The Craving Mind and Unwinding Anxiety . Dr. Jud explains why the "just say no" approach fails and breaks down the evolutionary "habit loop"—trigger, behavior, and result—that keeps us stuck. You will learn why dopamine is actually a "motivation molecule" designed for survival, not pleasure, and how to navigate the "three gears" of habit change: awareness, disenchantment, and finding the "Bigger Better Offer". Whether you are struggling with substance use, anxiety, or digital addiction, this conversation provides a science-backed roadmap to rewire your brain using curiosity as a superpower. Dr. Jud also debunks common myths about "hitting rock bottom" and explains why the logical brain goes offline during a crisis. Learn how to ride out a craving in just 13 minutes and why your "survival brain" might be leading you astray. Subscribe for Part 2 and visit mindshiftrecovery.org for more resources. Chapters: 00:00 – Intro 00:48 – Myth vs. Fact: Is Addiction a Lack of Willpower? 05:58 – The Habit Loop: Trigger, Behavior, and Result 11:15 – Why Willpower is More Myth than Muscle 11:43 – Gear 1: Awareness and the "Why" Trap 15:22 – Gear 2: Finding Disenchantment with Habits 26:35 – Gear 3: The "Bigger Better Offer" Strategy 37:35 – Curiosity: The Superpower for Cravings 40:54 – Is Addiction a Choice or a Brain Disease? 53:21 – The Truth About Dopamine Fasting Questions the Video Answers: Is addiction just a lack of willpower? Does dopamine actually make you feel high? Why is the teenage brain more susceptible to addiction? Can the brain fully recover from long-term drug use? Is sugar addiction the same as cocaine addiction? What is the habit loop and how does it work? Why do we keep doing things we know are bad for us? Can anxiety and worrying become a habit? Why doesn’t willpower work to stop an addiction? What are the three gears of habit change? How do you find a "Bigger Better Offer" in recovery? How long does a typical craving actually last? Is addiction primarily genetic or environmental? Why do people in addiction lie or steal? Is dopamine fasting a real scientific solution? #Neuroscience #AddictionRecovery #JudsonBrewer
Can you tell if someone has an eating disorder just by looking at them? Dr. Elizabeth Wassenaar debunks the "healthy look" myth and explains why dieting is toxic to recovery. This episode explores the critical "Nine Truths" of eating disorders, the role of genetics, and why early intervention is vital for long-term health. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In this deep-dive, host Terry McGuire continues the conversation with Dr. Elizabeth Wassenaar, MD, a triple board-certified psychiatrist and the Regional Medical Director at Eating Recovery Center . Dr. Wassenaar leads clinical excellence in treating complex eating disorders and guides families toward sustainable healing. We cover the nuances of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) —the most common yet underdiagnosed type—and ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder) , a different entity driven by sensory avoidance or fear rather than body image. Dr. Wassenaar also breaks down the four levels of care: Inpatient, Residential, Partial Hospitalization (PHP), and Intensive Outpatient (IOP), helping listeners understand how much containment and support is necessary for true recovery. Whether you are a parent looking for signs, a professional seeking evidence-based insights, or someone struggling, this video provides a roadmap for navigating the "crafty" nature of these illnesses. Recovery is possible, but no one has to do it alone. Chapters: 00:00 – Intro 01:10 – Can you tell if someone has an eating disorder by looking? 05:02 – Why families are allies, not the cause 06:40 – Is it just a phase? The crisis of adolescence 11:02 – The role of genetics vs. environment 16:32 – Understanding Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge Eating Disorder 19:46 – What is ARFID? Disinterest and sensory avoidance 24:00 – Why "just eat" or "just stop" is dangerous advice 27:45 – Explaining levels of care: Inpatient to IOP 44:40 – How long does recovery actually take? 52:34 – Common eating disorder behaviors to look for Questions the Video Answers: Can you look healthy and still have a severe eating disorder? Why is "you look healthier" a harmful comment? Do parents cause eating disorders in their children? Is an eating disorder a phase that teenagers grow out of? How does malnutrition affect long-term bone health? Are eating disorders genetic? What is the most common eating disorder? Can you have anorexia while in a larger body? What is Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)? Why doesn't dieting work for binge eating disorder? What is the difference between inpatient and residential treatment? Why do people with eating disorders feel they aren't "sick enough"? How does social media affect eating disorder recovery? What are the common signs of purging besides vomiting? Where can I find reliable eating disorder treatment? #EatingDisorderRecovery #BingeEatingDisorder #MentalHealthMatters
"You can have an eating disorder and not be in an underweight body." This powerful insight from Dr. Elizabeth Wassenaar, Regional Medical Director at the Eating Recovery Center, challenges everything we think we know about food, weight, and mental health. In this eye-opening episode of RECOVERable, host Terry Maguire sits down with Dr. Wassenaar to dismantle the dangerous myths surrounding eating disorders. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Dr. Wassenaar, a triple board-certified psychiatrist, explains that eating disorders are real, brain-based biological illnesses—not matters of willpower, vanity, or "just a diet gone wrong". We dive deep into why these conditions are curable, the difference between "disordered eating" and clinical diagnoses, and the alarming rise of anorexia and bulimia in younger children. We also address the "pathological aloneness" that often accompanies mental illness and why community and connection are the strongest antidotes to the isolation of an eating disorder. Whether you are struggling yourself, worried about a friend, or curious about the signs of eating disorders in men and boys, this conversation provides a compassionate roadmap for understanding and seeking help. Chapters: 00:00 – Intro 00:32 – What is the one thing society should understand? 02:06 – Why are eating disorders considered a mental illness? 06:34 – Is there a typical age when they start? 08:37 – Why are eating disorders starting at younger ages? 12:22 – How should we communicate with each other about bodies? 14:53 – What does disordered eating actually mean? 19:54 – When does it become a medical or mental health crisis? 23:45 – How does tracking calories and macros play a role? 37:34 – What are the signs a friend might have an eating disorder? 50:17 – Do guys get eating disorders, too? Questions the Video Answers: What is the difference between an eating disorder and disordered eating? Can you have an eating disorder if you aren't skinny? Are eating disorders a choice or a mental illness? What are the early warning signs of an eating disorder in a friend? Why are eating disorders becoming more common in children? How does social media impact body image and eating habits? Is it possible to fully recover and be "cured" from an eating disorder? What should I do if I feel suicidal due to an eating disorder? Do men and boys struggle with eating disorders? How can I talk to someone about their weight without being hurtful? Why do people use eating disorders as a way to regain control? What is the most fatal mental illness? How does "diet culture" reinforce disordered behaviors? What are the free resources available for eating disorder support? Why is connection and relationship important for recovery? #eatingdisorder #mentalhealth #recovery
Can you outrun a traumatic childhood? Dr. Christina Bethell returns for Part 2 to explain why an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) score is an indicator of risk, not a predictor of destiny. As a national leader in population health and systems measurement, Dr. Bethell has reshaped how we understand the "toxic stress" that accumulates in the nervous system when childhood trauma is experienced without buffers. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In this episode, we dive into the "Positivity Paradox" and the breakthrough research on Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs). Dr. Bethell explains that the absence of positive experiences—feeling loved, supported, and heard—can be as detrimental to long-term health as the presence of trauma itself. We discuss why healthcare systems are often slow to screen for trauma and how the "medicine" of presence and connection can rewire the brain even decades later. Our guest, Dr. Christina Bethell (PhD, MPH, MBA), is a Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Director of the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI). Her work proves that healing is a life process and that "more likely is not most"—meaning a high trauma score does not guarantee a future of illness or addiction. Whether you are struggling with your own past or trying to build a resilient future for your children, this conversation offers a roadmap for shifting from "fixing" to "connecting". ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 – Recap: How ACEs and PCEs intersect 05:03 – What does an ACE score actually mean? 08;23 – Are you "broken" if you have a high score? 10;43 – How do we get more positive experiences (PCEs)? 13;27 – Why don’t doctors ask about childhood trauma? 16;36 – Is the absence of "good" worse than the "bad"? 23;16 – The 4 indicators of family resilience 34;42 – Is it ever too late for adults to heal? 44;16 – Healing your relationship with your teenager 53;14 – A magic wand for society: Connecting vs. Fixing ❓ Questions the Video Answers: What is an ACE score? Does a high ACEs score mean I will get sick? What is the difference between an event and toxic stress? How do positive childhood experiences buffer trauma? Why is emotional neglect so common and harmful? Can I heal my nervous system as an adult? What is the "positivity paradox"? Why don't insurance companies cover trauma screening? Can I build resilience with my teenager now? What is "biobehavioral synchrony" in parenting? How does trauma affect the immune system? What are the 7 key PCEs for healing? How do I reparent my inner child? Why is "feeling heard" a public health priority? How can I find safety if I grew up not trusting people? #childhoodtrauma #mentalhealth #resilience
Can you truly heal from a traumatic childhood? Dr. Christina Bethell explains why your past shapes you but doesn't have to define your future. In this episode of Recoverable, we dive deep into the groundbreaking research behind Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and the "medicine" of Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs). Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ We explore the 10-question ACEs screener and why factors like emotional neglect are often the most underrated drivers of adult disease. Dr. Bethell shares her powerful personal story of growing up in the mid-60s amidst addiction and neglect, proving that even with a high trauma score, "flourishing" is possible through connection and emotional safety. Our guest, Christina Bethell, PhD, MPH, MBA, is a Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the founding director of the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI). Her work has revolutionized how we view relational health as the cornerstone of well-being. Whether you are an adult seeking healing or a caregiver looking to protect a child, this conversation provides a research-based roadmap for recovery. If this episode resonated with you, please subscribe and share it with someone who needs to hear that they matter. ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 – Meet Dr. Christina Bethell 02:52 – What are ACEs and how do they impact us? 04:02 – Why were these 10 specific ACEs chosen? 09:51 – The long-term impact of feeling unloved 23:16 – Does the age trauma happens change the impact? 25:11 – What should you do if you have a high ACEs score? 28:23 – The Science of Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) 37:58 – How PCEs buffer the effects of a traumatic past 58:20 – How can we help others heal from trauma? 01:01:06 – What does "flourishing" actually look like? ❓ Questions the Video Answers: What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)? How do ACEs affect long-term physical health? What is the "positivity paradox" in trauma healing? Can you heal from a high ACEs score as an adult? What are the 7 Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs)? Why is emotional neglect as damaging as physical abuse? How does a parent's addiction impact a child's brain? Can one caring adult change a child's entire life trajectory? What is "developmental trauma disorder"? How do "mirror neurons" affect children witnessing conflict? Why is high school belonging such a strong protective factor? What is the neurobiology of "presence"? How do we move from "fixing" to "connecting"? What are the four different ways we measure flourishing? Is a high ACEs score a guarantee of future illness? #childhoodtrauma #resilience #mentalhealth
Are you feeling overwhelmed, angry, or disconnected after childbirth? You are not alone—nearly 20% of new mothers experience postpartum depression, yet many suffer in silence due to a paralyzing sense of shame. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In this essential follow-up, host Terry McGuire continues the conversation with Dr. Karen Sheffield-Abdullah. Dr. Sheffield-Abdullah is a PhD, researcher, and nurse-midwife with over 20 years of experience specializing in perinatal mental health. While Part 1 focused on pregnancy, this episode dives deep into the "fourth trimester," exploring why the massive dip in progesterone after the placenta is delivered can trigger everything from the "baby blues" to severe clinical depression. Dr. Sheffield-Abdullah addresses the "elephant in the room": the terrifying intrusive thoughts many mothers experience but are too afraid to voice for fear of Child Protective Services (CPS). We discuss the critical differences between normal exhaustion and medical red flags, including postpartum rage, anxiety, and the rare but serious condition of postpartum psychosis. This episode is a roadmap for recovery, highlighting the importance of the two-week postpartum check-up and providing resources like Postpartum Support International (PSI) and the 988 crisis line. Whether you are a new parent or a loved one looking for signs, this video offers the language and hope needed to navigate the challenges of early motherhood. ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 – [Intro] Postpartum Depression vs. The Blues 00:54 – How Common is Postpartum Depression? 07:30 – What is "Normal" for a New Mother? 09:19 – When Does it Become a Medical Problem? 12:27 – Who is Most at Risk for PPD? 21:57 – Is it PPD or Just Sleep Deprivation? 23:25 – The Truth About Scary Intrusive Thoughts 24:58 – Addressing the Fear of Child Protective Services 30:27 – How Long Does Postpartum Depression Last? 40:05 – Understanding Postpartum Rage and Psychosis ❓ Questions the Podcast Answers: What is the difference between postpartum blues and postpartum depression? How common is postpartum depression in new mothers? Why does my mood change so drastically after giving birth? Is it normal to cry at commercials after having a baby? When should a new mother seek medical intervention for her mood? What are the symptoms of postpartum anxiety and OCD? Are intrusive thoughts about harming the baby common? Will I lose my baby to CPS if I admit I have depression? What is the perinatal psychiatry inpatient unit at UNC? How can I tell my partner I think I have PPD? How long does postpartum depression typically last? Why am I experiencing "postpartum rage" and anger? What are the signs of postpartum psychosis? Is it normal to have trouble bonding with a newborn? Where can I find a postpartum depression helpline? #PostpartumDepression #PostpartumAnxiety #MaternalMentalHealth
Are you struggling with depression during pregnancy but afraid to talk about it? You are not alone, as up to 20% of women will experience a significant mood disorder during pregnancy or after birth. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ In this episode, host Terry McGuire sits down with Dr. Karen Sheffield-Abdullah. Dr. Sheffield-Abdullah is a professor, a nurse-midwife of 20 years, and a researcher specializing in Black maternal stress and anxiety. We dive deep into the often-misunderstood world of perinatal mental health, breaking down the crucial differences between antenatal depression, pregnancy anxiety, and the standard "baby blues". Dr. Sheffield-Abdullah explains how the hormonal shifts of pregnancy, like the dip in progesterone, can easily mask clinical depression. We also tackle the most searched questions on the internet regarding maternal mental health. Does crying constantly affect your baby's development? Are antidepressants actually safe to take during pregnancy? What are the real risks of leaving depression untreated? Dr. Sheffield-Abdullah provides evidence-based answers, reassuring expecting parents that treatments like talk therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and SSRIs are both safe and highly effective. She also explores the "Superwoman Schema" and how the pressure to maintain a stoic exterior prevents many—especially Black women—from being vulnerable and seeking help. Whether you are pregnant and experiencing unexplained mood swings , or you are trying to support a loved one who might be quietly suffering, this episode offers compassionate, actionable advice. You'll learn how to successfully advocate for yourself at the doctor's office , simple mindfulness techniques like body scans to break the cycle of "bed rotting" , and why it is so important to build a strong support system early on. ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 – The Truth About Pregnancy Search History 01:01 – Antenatal vs. Postpartum Depression Explained 02:40 – Baby Blues vs. Clinical Depression Symptoms 06:47 – Why Pregnancy Causes Severe Anxiety 09:20 – Does Crying Affect My Baby's Development? 11:05 – Are Antidepressants Safe During Pregnancy? 14:02 – Overcoming Guilt & The "Superwoman Schema" 21:57 – Am I Depressed or Just Hormonal? 29:48 – The Real Risks of Untreated Depression 36:08 – How to Stop "Bed Rotting" & Seek Help ❓ Questions the Video Answers: What are the signs of depression during pregnancy? Is it normal to have extreme anxiety while pregnant? What is the difference between antenatal depression and perinatal depression? Does crying while pregnant hurt the baby's development? Are antidepressants like SSRIs safe to take during pregnancy? How do you know if you are just hormonal or clinically depressed? What are the risks to the baby if depression is left untreated? How do you tell your OBGYN or doctor that you are depressed? What can I do to stop "bed rotting" and lack of motivation while pregnant? Can untreated pregnancy anxiety cause premature birth? How can mindfulness and body scans help with pregnancy depression? Does hating being pregnant affect bonding with the baby later? How can I prepare for postpartum depression during my second or third trimester? What is the Superwoman Schema in maternal mental health? Why do hormonal shifts cause the baby blues? #PregnancyDepression #MaternalMentalHealth #PregnancyAnxiety
Description: How do you know when you’ve finally reached the point where you can't do it alone? For many, the realization doesn't come from a "lightbulb moment," but from the exhaustion of repeating the same mistakes while expecting different results. In Part 2 of our deep dive into the Levels of Care, host Terry McGuire and Dr. Sal Raichbach explore the psychological barriers to seeking help and the reality of life after the "rehab" doors close. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Dr. Sal Raichbach, PsyD, LCSW, CFSW, is an expert in behavioral health with over 33 years of experience. In this episode, he tackles the uncomfortable truths about addiction treatment: why discharge planning must begin the very day you are admitted , the critical difference between "acute" and "chronic" symptoms , and how to navigate a toxic home environment once you've completed a program. We also address the "failed" treatment attempt. If you’ve tried rehab before and it didn’t work, Dr. Sal offers a perspective that might change everything you think about your journey. From daily recovery habits—like self-reflection and medication adherence—to the power of peer support groups, this conversation provides a roadmap for anyone navigating the complex system of behavioral health. Recovery isn't a "one-stop shop"; it's a series of steps toward a life you actually want to live. ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 – Recap: The Continuum of Care 02:46 – How to Know When It’s Time for Help 05:23 – Choice vs. Coercion: The Truth About Ultimatums 07:27 – Acute vs. Chronic: Understanding Success Rates 10:45 – Is Relapse a Part of the Process? 12:59 – Why You Can't Dictate Your Own Level of Care 16:16 – Why Discharge Planning Starts at Admission 19:26 – Staying Sober in a Toxic Home Environment 22:53 – 6 Daily Habits to Maintain Long-Term Recovery 26:31 – "I Tried Rehab and Failed"—The Honest Truth ❓ Questions the Video Answers: How do I know if I'm ready for addiction treatment? Does treatment work if someone is forced to go? What is the difference between acute and chronic mental health symptoms? Is relapse a failure or a "setback"? Why is discharge planning important in recovery? How do I stay sober if my family still drinks or uses? What are "wraparound services" in addiction care? Can I bring my phone or laptop to residential rehab? Why do people go back to rehab multiple times? What daily habits help maintain sobriety after treatment? How do I advocate for the right level of care? What is the role of medication in long-term recovery? Can adolescents be forced into treatment without consent? What is "projection" in addiction psychology? Why does "trying" therapy require full participation? #addictionrecovery #mentalhealth #soberlife
Navigating the world of addiction and mental health treatment can feel like learning a completely different language when you are already at your breaking point. How do you know if you need a "hospital level" of care or if weekly therapy is enough? In this episode of RECOVERable, host Terry McGuire sits down with behavioral health expert Dr. Sal Raichbach to demystify the "continuum of care" and explain exactly what happens at every stage of recovery. Find mental health and addiction treatment near you: https://recovery.com/ Dr. Sal Raichbach, PsyD, LCSW, CFSW, is a doctoral-level psychologist and Chief Clinical Officer at Haven Health Management with over 33 years of experience in the field. He breaks down the critical differences between Outpatient, Intensive Outpatient (IOP), Partial Hospitalization (PHP), and Residential treatment. You’ll learn why the "30-day rehab" rule is often an insurance myth and what a "SMART" treatment plan actually looks like. Whether you are struggling with a dual diagnosis or trying to help a loved one choose the right path, Dr. Sal explains the risks of "DIY" research and why professional assessment is the first step toward lasting sobriety. We dive deep into the intensity of medical detox, the power of group therapy for those who "hate groups," and how to manage the transition back into everyday life. ⏱️ Chapters: 00:00 – Why Understanding "Levels of Care" Saves Lives 01:45 – The Danger of "DIY" Addiction Research 03:00 – Breakdown: The 5 Major Levels of Treatment 06:14 – Outpatient vs. Intensive Outpatient (IOP) 13:12 – What is a Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP)? 18:13 – Residential Treatment: What Really Happens in "Rehab" 26:19 – The "SMART" Treatment Plan Explained 27:21 – The 30-Day Rehab Myth & Insurance Truths 31:52 – Inpatient Care: When Is It a Crisis? 35:53 – Medical Detox: Is It Always Necessary? ❓ Questions the Video Answers: What are the different levels of care for addiction? What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatment? Is intensive outpatient (IOP) better than regular therapy? What does a Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) actually do? How do I know if I need residential rehab? Why does insurance only pay for 30 days of treatment? Do I need medical detox for alcohol or drugs? Can you do intensive outpatient (IOP) via telehealth? What is a "dual diagnosis" and how is it treated? What happens during a rehab intake assessment? How long do I have to stay in a residential program? Is inpatient care the same as being "locked down"? What is a "SMART" treatment plan in recovery? How does group therapy help if I'm not a "group person"? What are the risks of detoxing at home without medical help? #addictionrecovery #mentalhealth #rehab
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Observed July 31, 2026.
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