Published by Chris Beardsley and Jake Doleschal
A deep dive into the science of muscle growth. Hosted by Chris Beardsley and Jake Doleschal, this podcast explores hypertrophy training through the lens of pre-steroid era bodybuilding and modern muscle physiology.
Listen on Apple PodcastsIn this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris begin with a full-body routine from legendary bodybuilding coach Vince Gironda and the unusual reliance on isolation exercises. The conversation then shifts to workout duration: Is there any truth to the claim that workouts must be kept under 45, 60 or 90 minutes? Jake and Chris examine what actually happens as a workout becomes longer, including declining motivation, cardiovascular fatigue, exercise-order effects, cortisol, and the post-workout MPS elevation. Key topics include: Vince Gironda’s beginner full-body routine Why Gironda avoided conventional bench presses and squats Can isolation-only training build a complete physique Whether exercise-induced cortisol interferes with muscle growth Why muscle growth is regulated at the muscle-fibre level, not across the whole body When an extremely long workout may stop stimulating the same muscle Why returning to the same muscle several hours later may be redundant Whether cardio after resistance training interferes with hypertrophy Join our Hypertrophy Past and Present Training group on TrainHeroic.com
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris begin with an early 1950s “muscular bulk” routine from Jack Delinger. They discuss the minimalist, barbell-only full-body program and how exercise variety may need to gradually increase as a bodybuilder becomes more advanced. The conversation then shifts to training plateaus: what actually qualifies as a plateau, why slow progress is often mistaken for no progress, and how to distinguish between plateaus caused by accumulating fatigue and those caused by limitations in exercise selection or motor unit recruitment. Key topics include: Jack Delinger’s minimalist full-body muscular bulk routine What actually qualifies as a training plateau The difference between fatigue and “stimulus” plateaus Why changing exercises can create the illusion that a plateau has been solved How dominant muscle groups can limit the development of other muscles When to keep an exercise and add another rather than replacing it Why adding more volume rarely addresses the actual cause of a plateau Join our Hypertrophy Past and Present Training group on Trainheroic.com
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present , Jake and Chris begin with a 1972 routine from Bradley J. Steiner and discuss what makes it one of the more sensible "golden era" bodybuilding programs they've reviewed so far and whether splitting exercises across consecutive days is likely to be more or less effective than performing all exercises in a single workout. The conversation then shifts towards the concept of "training hard." Jake and Chris unpack what hard training actually means, why RPE is often a poor proxy for hypertrophy, and how chasing "hard training" can unintentionally encourage fatigue instead of productive training. Key topics include: Bradley J. Steiner's minimalist 1972 bodybuilding routine Whether splitting workouts across consecutive days improves stimulus to fatigue ratio Why RPE and reps in reserve are not interchangeable How cardiovascular fatigue, burning sensations, and instability can increase effort while reducing stimulus The concept of "quality over quantity" as a better way to think about muscle growth Why telling people to "train harder" may actually make their programs less effective
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris begin with Steve Michalik’s enormous 1972 Mr. America routine and why silver-era routines are the best data set for natural training routines. From there, Jake and Chris explore how the hypertrophy dose-response relationship interacts with the stimulating reps model. They discuss why the second and third sets provide progressively less growth stimulus, whether this means they contain fewer stimulating repetitions, and how the answer depends on whether the reduction is caused by fatigue or stimulus saturation. Key topics include: • Steve Michalik’s 1972 Mr. America routine • How training status changes the number of potentially stimulating repetitions • Combining the stimulating reps and weekly net stimulus models • Why fewer hypertrophy gains from a second set does not necessarily mean fewer stimulating reps • The difference between fatigue and stimulus saturation • How longer rest periods can make a second set more effective • Why making the second set better makes later sets less valuable • Why back-off sets are an inefficient method for doing a second set • How to achieve more hypertrophy stimulus with fewer total sets
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris begin with Alan Stephan’s classic Silver Era full-body routine, which he reportedly followed for years while building enormous strength and muscle. This leads into a deeper discussion about exercise variation, whether exercises really “stop working”, and why good natural bodybuilding programs often end up looking repetitive. From there, Jake and Chris move into one of the most important physiological arguments behind the stimulating reps model: hypertrophy is not a whole-muscle phenomenon, but a muscle-fibre-specific one. They discuss why this matters for understanding mechanical tension, light-load training to failure, sarcomerogenesis, stretch-mediated hypertrophy, force-velocity relationships, fatigue, exercise selection, and training frequency. Key topics include: • Alan Stephan’s 1940s full-body routine • Why an exercise does not “stop working” just because progress slows • How single-fibre mechanical tension explains the stimulating reps model • Sarcomerogenesis, passive tension, titin, and stretch-mediated growth • Why hypertrophy and sarcomerogenesis are not the same thing • How cross-bridge formation and shortening velocity influence fibre tension • Why exercise selection matters if hypertrophy is fibre-specific • How Silver Era routines line up with modern physiology
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris begin with a classic Clancy Ross full-body routine from the Silver Era, then move into a discussion about training frequency, mTOR, muscle protein synthesis, and whether training again before the previous hypertrophy stimulus has “finished” is actually a problem. Key topics include: • Clancy Ross’ 1940s full-body single set routine • Whether training a muscle every 48 hours can blunt hypertrophy • How repeated bout effect studies can be misapplied to training frequency • Why mTOR signalling is not the same thing as muscle growth • The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in post-workout recovery • How volume, frequency, stress, dieting, and athletic workloads affect recovery • Why the best training frequency is limited by recovery
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris discuss a full body training A/A/A program from Steve Reeves before exploring how to choose between repeating the same full body workout three times per week or alternating between two different full body workouts. Key topics include: • Steve Reeves’ full body AAA routine • Why many old-school routines online should be treated cautiously • The lying dumbbell front raise and how it may train different regions of the chest • Why exercise selection should come before choosing a training split • Full body AAA vs full body ABA/BAB • The problem with doing multiple sets of the same exercise versus using more exercise variety • How spinal CNS fatigue, supraspinal CNS fatigue, metabolites, and calcium ion accumulation affect hypertrophy training • How advanced lifters can use priorities to decide which exercises stay the same and which rotate
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris discuss deloads. The episode begins with a look at a training program used by six-time Mr. Olympia Dorian Yates before exploring the physiology of accumulated fatigue and recovery. Key topics include: • Dorian Yates' Olympia-era training program • Why training hard does not automatically mean you need a deload • The difference between planned deloads and reactive deloads • How accumulated fatigue affects hypertrophy training • Whether anabolic steroid use changes the need for deloads • How Chris would structure the “perfect” deload • How to program RIR during a deload • How long a deload should actually last
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris discuss how to build the biggest back possible. The episode begins with a back specialization routine from Silver Era educator Peary Rader before breaking down the most effective modern exercises for lats, traps, rear delts, and spinal erectors. Key topics include: • Peary Rader's Silver Era back specialization routine • Why lats are best trained with both sagittal and frontal plane exercises • The most overrated back exercise according to Chris • Kelso shrugs vs vertical shrugs • The challenge of directly training spinal erectors • Are deadlifts are enough to build the spinal erectors • The simple 3-exercise framework for back training • The controversy surrounding Jefferson curls and loaded spinal flexion
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris analyse a Reg Park power-focused routine and use it as a starting point to discuss powerbuilding. The episode explores how lifters can structure training depending on whether they lean more toward bodybuilding, powerlifting, or a true middle ground. Key topics include: • Reg Park’s power routine from his Mr. Universe course • The difference between bodybuilding, powerlifting, and powerbuilding goals • How to modify a bodybuilding routine toward strength • How to modify a powerlifting routine toward hypertrophy • Why full body A/B routines may suit powerbuilding better than full body A • How Reg Park’s routine compares to a Chris and Jake's modern powerbuilding program
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris analyse a 1940s training routine from silver era bodybuilder George Eiferman, including his progression model. The episode explores how silver era lifters approached progression and how confusion around progression models has influenced the modern bodybuilding. Key topics include: • George Eiferman’s 1940s full body training routine • Why silver era bodybuilders often used wider rep range • Understanding progression as an input vs progression as an output • Why “progressive overload” is often misunderstood • Why strength gains naturally slow over time without indicating a plateau • The Hepburn progression model and why it works • How exercise selection influences practical rep ranges and loading strategies
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris follow up last week's episode on drop sets by diving deeper into the physiology of fatigue and rest periods. Using an extreme high-volume routine from Serge Nubret, the episode explores why different exercises, rep ranges, and proximity to failure dramatically change the amount and type of fatigue that accumulates during training. Key topics include: • Serge Nubret’s ultra high-volume, short-rest training system • The four major fatigue mechanisms involved in strength training • Why “2-3 minute rest periods” may be an oversimplified recommendation • How exercise selection changes optimal rest periods • How clusters and reps in reserve reduce fatigue accumulation • Why stretch-position exercises are more sensitive to muscle damage and calcium ion accumulation
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris explore the origins and physiology of drop sets, beginning with a 1949 drop set routine from Henry J. Atkin. The episode examines how “multiple poundage system” training was originally performed in the silver era, before transitioning into a physiological breakdown of why modern drop set research may not support many of the claims made about the method today. Key topics include: • Henry J. Atkin’s 1949 “multiple poundage system” • Why early drop set protocols may have been more intelligent than modern versions • A review of the recent drop sets meta analysis and systematic review • How short rest periods influence motor unit recruitment and fatigue • Why drop set studies may actually just be studies on rest periods • The difference between drop sets, clusters, and rest-pause training • How cardiovascular fitness changes recovery between sets • When drop sets may make sense for clients, and when they likely don’t
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris explore the use of circuits in hypertrophy training, starting with a 1960s circuit-style routine published by John McCallum. The episode examines how circuit-style training was used in the silver era, before transitioning into a physiology-first breakdown of when circuits might actually make sense for muscle growth today, and when they likely fall short. Key topics include: • A breakdown of McCallum’s Peripheral Heart Action (PHA) circuit routine • Why inserting low-fatigue exercises between compounds can improve performance • How circuits may reduce the exercise order effect across a workout • When circuits might outperform straight sets (and when they won’t) • How to structure circuits using clusters, low reps, and reps in reserve • The practical limitations of circuits in busy gyms
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present , Jake and Chris break down a 1950s weightlifting plan from Paul Anderson, one of the strongest men to ever live. The episode begins with a deep dive into Anderson’s low volume, high frequency training structure, before expanding into a physiology-first explanation of why low per session volume and high frequency training still makes sense today. Key topics include: • Paul Anderson’s 1954 weightlifting program • Why separating squats into their own sessions may improve performance and recovery • How extremely low volume can still build maximal muscle • Why the first set in a workout provides the majority of the growth stimulus • Why training frequency (not just weekly volume) is key • How modern research might be distorted by muscle swelling • Why social media isn't a good place for "education"
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present , Jake and Chris break down what fatigue actually is, and why most lifters misunderstand it. The episode begins with a deep dive into a late Silver Era full body program from Joe Abenda, before expanding into a practical framework for understanding intra-workout and post-workout fatigue, and how this relates to the total number of exercises in a session. Key topics include: • A breakdown of Joe Abenda’s Silver Era beginner full body program • Why most people confuse fatigue with motivation • The difference between intra-workout fatigue and post-workout fatigue • How exercise selection, reps, and rest periods determine fatigue more than just total number of exercises • How to structure workouts to minimise fatigue and maximise performance across the entire session
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present , Jake and Chris break down what the “perfect” workout actually looks like. The episode begins with a deep dive into a pre-steroid era full body program from Arthur Jones, before expanding into a framework for structuring training based on your goals, time, and priorities. Key topics include: • An analysis of Arthur Jones’ early full body program • A framework for building programs: bare minimum, minimalist, and maximalist • The difference between minimalist and “consolidated” training approaches • How to adjust a program based on which muscles you do or don’t care about • A common mistake science based lifters make: over-optimising one variable while ignoring others
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present , Jake and Chris tackle the question everyone wants to know - how fast can you actually progress? The episode begins with a deep dive into a golden era beginner program from Frank Zane, before exploring the realities of progressive overload, strength gains, and natural hypertrophy potential. Key topics include: • A breakdown of Frank Zane's full body beginner program • Why most people misunderstand the relationship between strength and hypertrophy • The difference between gaining strength with vs without muscle growth • Why progressive overload is not the cause of growth, but proof that it occurred • The problem with constantly changing exercises and why it can stall long-term progress • Why most advanced lifters should only expect extremely slow strength gains • How to estimate your natural ceiling using simple models and historical physiques • Why Silver Era physiques may represent a more realistic target for most natural lifters
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present, Jake and Chris break down an often misunderstood programming question: how does full body training twice per week compare to an upper/lower split performed four times per week? The episode begins with a deep dive into a late 1960s program from Chuck Sipes, before discussing the key differences between full body and upper/lower when frequency is equated. Key topics include: • Why full body twice per week is one of the most underrated training splits • A breakdown of a classic Chuck Sipes program • The difference between within-session fatigue vs post-workout fatigue • Why back-to-back training days may reduce motor unit recruitment • Why doing more volume per session can actually limit long-term progress • The trade-off between rate of growth vs ceiling of growth • Practical considerations (time, lifestyle, gym access) that influence split selection
In this episode of Hypertrophy Past & Present , Jake and Chris break down how to structure a training program during a dieting phase. The episode begins with a deep dive into how Silver Era bodybuilders approached “definition” training, including a reconstructed Reg Park program, before moving into the physiological realities of training in a calorie deficit. Key topics include: • Why Silver Era bodybuilders didn’t drastically change their training when dieting • Reg Park’s “definition” routine • Why exercise variety may help prevent atrophy during a calorie deficit • Why high volume and excessive fatigue are counterproductive when cutting • How to adjust reps, load, and exercise selection based on equipment and fatigue • Practical programming strategies • Why most modern “evidence-based” takes on programming miss key physiological details